![]() ![]() The findings of this research exhibited the significant advantages and insights of alpha-amylase enzyme in EICP, enabling further investigation of two precipitation mechanisms (calcite precipitation and dolomite precipitation).ĭeveloping soil qualities has become unavoidable when it comes to identifying appropriate sites with substantial soil strength. The synergistic effect of both CaCl 2 and MgCl 2 yielded the highest CaCO 3 precipitation (32.2%) at (0.6:0.4) molar ratio. The optimum precipitation (87%) was yielded at 12 pH and with 2.5 g/L of Xanthan Gum as a stabilizer at a temperature of 75☌. Adding more volume of enzyme brought a slight change in precipitation% due to excessive enzymes with little or no substrate available. ![]() The precipitation was observed to be enzyme concentration-dependent and increase with an increase in enzyme concentration as long as a high salt concentration was available. It was observed that the pH, temperature, and concentrations of salts significantly impact the precipitation. The generated precipitate characteristics were evaluated using a variety of methods, including Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The investigated parameters include enzyme concentration, enzyme volume, calcium chloride (CaCl 2) concentration, temperature, the synergistic impact of magnesium chloride (MgCl 2) and CaCl 2, Xanthan Gum, and solution pH. Different parameters were investigated to get the maximum calcite precipitation. In this research, we investigated the process of EICP using a new enzyme named alpha-amylase. In this technique, calcite is precipitated in the loose sand through enzymatic activity to provide stiffness and strength to the loose sand. In recent times, extensive work has been done in geotechnical engineering on the application of enzyme-induced calcite precipitation (EICP) techniques for consolidating and increasing the shear strength of sandy soil. There are several solutions implemented to contain sand production including chemical and mechanical means. The sand production during oil and gas extraction poses a severe challenge to the oil and gas companies as it causes erosion of pipelines and valves, damages the pumps, and ultimately decreases production. 3Petroleum Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.2Center for Integrative Petroleum Research, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.1Department of Bioengineering, College of Chemicals and Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.AlAhmari 4, Amjad Khalil 1* and Mohamed Mahmoud 3* Alarifi 3*, Muhammad Shahzad Kamal 2, Abdulmohsen Humam 4, Manar M. Norah Albenayyan 1, Mobeen Murtaza 2, Sulaiman A. ![]()
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